Oman
is not well known to Westerners, for various reasons,
mostly because of an extended period of dormancy from
the mid 1800s up until 1970 when Sultan Qaboos assumed
leadership. But Oman has a long and proud history
that extends back to the earliest of civilizations.
Because of its location on the Indian Ocean with a
coastline that stretches for over 1000 miles, Oman
has left its mark on history as a nation of traders
and explorers.
Records from ancient empires of Assyria and Mesopotamia
attest to the dealings with a country known as Magan
that was located near the modern day Omani coastal
city of Sohar. Long before the arrival of Islam, Sohar
was one of the greatest ports in all of the Middle
East. ("Majan" comes from an Arabic word that means
ship's hull.) Most people will not immediately recognize
Oman, but they will assuredly recall one of Oman's
most famous legendary heroes, Sindbad the Sailor,
who presumably hailed from Sohar (in spite of other
claims of nationality) and whose embroidered legends
have made their way into the famous 1001 Arabian Nights
Entertainments.
By 700 AD, the Omanis were sending ships as far as
Canton, China and from time to time played animportant
role in linking the civilizations of East and West
via the "Silk Route." Travelers such as Marco Polo
and the Tunisian Ibn Battuta attest to the greatness
of Oman in their annals. By the 1800s, Oman's vast
commercial empire stretched from Pakistan down the
coast of Africa to Zanzibar. It was during this period
that Oman's power and influence climaxed under the
guidance of Sultan Said (the Great), the longest lived
of the Al Busaid dynasty (52 years, 1804-1856) who
became the first Arab leader to forge an alliance
with the United States in 1840.
Since
the 1850s, time and circumstances have not played
kindly with Oman, but the country has emerged in the
latter part of the 20th century as a major player
on the world scene due to the economic renaissance
spearheaded by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos. Today Oman
is a thriving, bustling economy that has been referred
to by some as a model for developing nations.
Because
of its history as a trading society, the Omani people
are an intriguing mix of races, mostly Arabic with
Asian and African undertones, making it one of the
most heterogeneous cultures in the Middle East.